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<title>Service module</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Service module</span></span>

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<p>A <b>service module</b> (also known as an <b>equipment module</b> or <b>instrument compartment</b>) is a component of a <a href="Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">crewed</a> <a href="Space_capsule" title="Space capsule">space capsule</a> containing a variety of support systems used for spacecraft operations. Usually located in the uninhabited area of the spacecraft, the service module serves a storehouse of critical subsystems and supplies for the mission such as electrical systems, environmental control, and propellant tanks. The service module is jettisoned upon the completion of the mission, and usually burns up during <a href="Atmospheric_reentry" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric reentry">atmospheric reentry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-csm07_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csm07-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Russian phrase for <i>service module</i> for the <a href="Soyuz_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz spacecraft">Soyuz spacecraft</a> is sometimes more directly translated "Instrument-Assembly Compartment". This comes from the design feature of having the guidance and other computer systems in a separate pressure chamber (the instruments) from the rocket engines, their propellant tanks, and the life support tanks (from the German <i>Aggregat</i>, which gets translated "assembly"). The Russians use the term "module" (модуль) primarily in regards to elements of a modular <a href="Space_station" title="Space station">space station</a>, e.g. the <a href="Zvezda_Service_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="Zvezda Service Module">Zvezda Service Module</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2></div>

<p>Depending upon the spacecraft architecture and system design, a typical service module usually contain the following:<sup id="cite_ref-csm07_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csm07-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">Fuel cells</a>, <a href="Solar_cell" title="Solar cell">solar panels</a>, or <a href="Battery_(electricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery (electricity)">batteries</a> to provide electrical power to the spacecraft (batteries are also used in the crew capsule)</li>

<li><a href="Liquid_hydrogen" title="Liquid hydrogen">Liquid hydrogen</a> (LH<sub>2</sub>) and <a href="Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">liquid oxygen</a> (LOX) for fuel cell operation and water production, with LOX also being used to provide breathing oxygen for the crew.</li>

<li>Pressurized <a href="Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> or <a href="Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> to force consumables and fuel from source tanks to their destinations.</li>

<li>Guidance computer systems and related sensors</li>

<li>Fuel and oxidizer for <a href="Reaction_control_system" title="Reaction control system">reaction control</a> and <a href="Spacecraft_propulsion" title="Spacecraft propulsion">propulsion</a> systems.</li>

<li>Thermal control systems for proper heating and cooling of above systems.</li></ul>

<p>While this would be used for a "baseline" service module, a service module may also be modified for additional functions. An example would be the equipment module on <a href="Gemini_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemini 9">Gemini 9</a>, when it was modified to carry the <a href="U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a>-developed <a href="Manned_Maneuvering_Unit" title="Manned Maneuvering Unit">astronaut maneuvering unit</a> that would have been tested by astronaut <a href="Eugene_Cernan" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Cernan">Eugene Cernan</a>, but was cancelled when his spacesuit overheated, causing his visor to fog up. But the best example would be the final three Apollo missions, in which the J-series service modules included scientific instrument module (SIM) bays that took pictures and other readouts in lunar orbit. In addition to the film cameras, similar to those used on the <a href="Lunar_Orbiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Orbiter">Lunar Orbiter</a> spacecraft and requiring the Command Module Pilot to perform a deep-space EVA during the return trip, two of the SIM bays, on <a href="Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollos 15</a> and <a href="Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a>, also launched a lunar "subsatellite" before the astronauts performed the Trans-Earth Injection burn with the onboard service propulsion system.

</p><p>A unique inhabitable variation of the service module concept is the <a href="Functional_Cargo_Block" title="Functional Cargo Block">Functional Cargo Block</a> developed for the Soviet <a href="TKS_(spacecraft)" title="TKS (spacecraft)">TKS Transport Supply Spacecraft</a>. In addition to full functionality of a service module, it featured a sizeable pressurized cargo bay, and a docking port – as opposed to its conventional location on the front of the re-entry capsule, which in case of the TKS instead possessed its own downscaled service module with de-orbiting thrusters – allowing the FGB to remain docked as an extension of the space station.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operating_service_modules">Operating service modules</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zvezda_(ISS_module)">Zvezda (ISS module)</h3></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Zvezda_(ISS_module)" title="Zvezda (ISS module)">Zvezda (ISS module)</a></div>

<p>The <i>Zvezda Service Module</i>, is a module of the <a href="International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (ISS). It was the third module launched to the station, and provides all of the station's <a href="Life_support_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Life support system">life support systems</a>, some of which are supplemented in the <a href="US_Orbital_Segment" title="US Orbital Segment">US Orbital Segment</a> (USOS), as well as living quarters for two crew members. It is the structural and functional center of the <a href="Russian_Orbital_Segment" title="Russian Orbital Segment">Russian Orbital Segment</a> (ROS), which is the <a href="Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> part of the ISS. Crew assemble here to deal with emergencies on the station.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Zvezda</i> was launched on a <a href="Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">Proton</a> launch vehicle on 12 July 2000, and docked with the <i><a href="Zarya_(ISS_module)" title="Zarya (ISS module)">Zarya</a></i> module on 26 July 2000.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soyuz_service_module">Soyuz service module</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz (spacecraft)</a></div>

<p>At the back of the Soyuz spacecraft is the Service Module. It has a pressurized container shaped like a bulging can (instrumentation compartment, priborniy otsek) that contains systems for temperature control, electric power supply, long-range radio communications, radio telemetry, and instruments for orientation and control. A non-pressurized part of the Service Module (propulsion compartment, agregatniy otsek) contains the main engine and a liquid-fuelled propulsion system for maneuvering in orbit and initiating the descent back to Earth. Outside the Service Module are the sensors for the orientation system and the solar array, which is oriented towards the Sun by rotating the ship.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shenzhou_service_module">Shenzhou service module</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Shenzhou_(spacecraft)" title="Shenzhou (spacecraft)">Shenzhou (spacecraft)</a></div>

<p>The aft service module of the Shenzhou spacecraft contains life support and other equipment required for the functioning of Shenzhou. Two pairs of solar panels, one pair on the service module and the other pair on the orbital module, have a total area of over 40 m2 (430 ft<sup>2</sup>), indicating average electrical power over 1.5 kW.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Service_Module_(Orion)">European Service Module (Orion)</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="European_Service_Module" title="European Service Module">European Service Module</a></div>

<p>The European Service Module is the service module component of the <a href="Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion spacecraft</a>, serving as its primary power and propulsion component until it is discarded at the end of each mission. The service module supports the crew module from launch through separation prior to reentry. It provides in-space propulsion capability for orbital transfer, <a href="Spacecraft_attitude_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacecraft attitude control">attitude control</a>, and high altitude ascent aborts. It provides the water and oxygen needed for a habitable environment, generates and stores electrical power, and maintains the temperature of the vehicle's systems and components. This module can also transport unpressurized cargo and scientific payloads.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_past_service_modules">List of past service modules</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retired">Retired</h3></div>

<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"></a></span></span> <a href="Vostok_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Vostok spacecraft">Vostok equipment module</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"></a></span></span> <a href="Voskhod_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Voskhod spacecraft">Voskhod equipment module</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="United_States" title="United States"></a></span></span> <a href="Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini equipment module</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="United_States" title="United States"></a></span></span> <a href="Apollo_Service_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo Service Module">Apollo Service Module</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="United_States" title="United States"></a></span></span> <a href="Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module descent stage</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canceled">Canceled</h3></div>

<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Russia" title="Russia"></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="European_Union" title="European Union"></a></span></span> <a href="CSTS" title="CSTS">CSTS service module</a> (canceled)</li>

<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Russia" title="Russia"></a></span></span> <a href="Kliper" title="Kliper">Kliper service module</a> (canceled)</li>

<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="France" title="France"></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="European_Union" title="European Union"></a></span></span> <a href="Hermes_(shuttle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermes (shuttle)">Hermes resource module</a> (canceled)</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Orbital_module" title="Orbital module">Orbital module</a></li>

<li><a href="Reentry_capsule" title="Reentry capsule">Reentry capsule</a></li>

<li><a href="Command_module_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Command module (disambiguation)">Command module (disambiguation)</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_capsule" title="Space capsule">Space capsule</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/CSM07_Service_Module_Overview_pp53-60.pdf">"CSM07 Service Module Overview"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Soyuz_programme415" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Soyuz_programme" title="Soyuz programme">Soyuz programme</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Soyuz_missions" title="List of Soyuz missions">List of Soyuz missions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Soviet_human_spaceflight_missions" title="List of Soviet human spaceflight missions">List of Soviet human spaceflight missions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Russian_human_spaceflight_missions" title="List of Russian human spaceflight missions">List of Russian human spaceflight missions</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz (rocket family)</a></li>

<li><a href="Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz (spacecraft)</a></li>

<li><a href="Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a>

<li><a href="Soyuz_abort_modes" title="Soyuz abort modes">Soyuz abort modes</a></li>

<li><a href="Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Cosmonaut ranks and positions</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past missions<br>(by spacecraft type)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Soyuz_7K-OK" title="Soyuz 7K-OK">Soyuz 7K-OK</a> (1966–1970)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kosmos_133" title="Kosmos 133">Kosmos 133</a>†</li>

<li><a href="Soyuz_7K-OK_No.1" title="Soyuz 7K-OK No.1">Soyuz 7K-OK No.1</a>† <span style="font-size: 85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li>

<li><a href="Kosmos_140" title="Kosmos 140">Kosmos 140</a></li>

<li><a href="Soyuz_1" title="Soyuz 1">Soyuz 1</a>†</li>

<li><a href="Kosmos_186_and_Kosmos_188" title="Kosmos 186 and Kosmos 188">Kosmos 186</a></li>

<li><a href="Soyuz_2" title="Soyuz 2">Soyuz 2</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Soyuz_7K-L1" title="Soyuz 7K-L1">Soyuz 7K-L1</a> (1967–1970)<br>(<a href="Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond lunar programme</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kosmos_146" title="Kosmos 146">Kosmos 146</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Soyuz_7K-L1E" title="Soyuz 7K-L1E">Soyuz 7K-L1E</a> (1969–1970)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Soyuz_7K-L1E_No.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1">Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1</a>†</li>

<li><a href="Kosmos_382" title="Kosmos 382">Kosmos 382</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Soyuz_7K-LOK" title="Soyuz 7K-LOK">Soyuz 7K-LOK</a> (1971–1972)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Soyuz_7K-LOK_No.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1">Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1</a>†</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Soyuz_7K-OKS" title="Soyuz 7K-OKS">Soyuz 7K-OKS</a> (1971)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Soyuz_10" title="Soyuz 10">Soyuz 10</a>†</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Soyuz_7K-T" title="Soyuz 7K-T">Soyuz 7K-T</a> (1972–1981)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kosmos_496" title="Kosmos 496">Kosmos 496</a></li>

<li><a href="Soyuz_12" title="Soyuz 12">Soyuz 12</a></li>

<li><a href="Kosmos_613" title="Kosmos 613">Kosmos 613</a></li>

<li><a href="Soyuz_13" title="Soyuz 13">Soyuz 13</a></li>

<li><a href="Kosmos_656" title="Kosmos 656">Kosmos 656</a></li>

<li><a href="Soyuz_14" title="Soyuz 14">Soyuz 14</a></li>

<li><a href="Soyuz_20" title="Soyuz 20">20</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li>

<li><a href="Soyuz_32" title="Soyuz 32">32</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(uncrewed landing)</span></li>

<li><a href="Soyuz_34" title="Soyuz 34">34</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(uncrewed launch)</span></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Soyuz_7K-TM" title="Soyuz 7K-TM">Soyuz 7K-TM</a> (1974–1976)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kosmos_638" title="Kosmos 638">Kosmos 638</a></li>

<li><a href="Soyuz_16" title="Soyuz 16">Soyuz 16</a></li>

<li><a href="Soyuz_19" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 19">19</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a>)</span></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Military_Soyuz" title="Military Soyuz">Soyuz 7K-S</a> (1974–1976)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kosmos_670" title="Kosmos 670">Kosmos 670</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Soyuz-T" title="Soyuz-T">Soyuz-T</a> (1978–1986)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kosmos_1001" title="Kosmos 1001">Kosmos 1001</a>†</li>

<li><a href="Soyuz_T-1" title="Soyuz T-1">Soyuz T-1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Soyuz-TM" title="Soyuz-TM">Soyuz-TM</a> (1986–2002)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Soyuz_TM-1" title="Soyuz TM-1">Soyuz TM-1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Soyuz-TMA" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-TMA">Soyuz-TMA</a> (2002–2012)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Soyuz_TMA-1" title="Soyuz TMA-1">Soyuz TMA-1</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Soyuz-TMA" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-TMA">Soyuz-TMA-M</a> (2010–2016)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Soyuz_TMA-01M" title="Soyuz TMA-01M">Soyuz TMA-01M</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Soyuz_MS" title="Soyuz MS">Soyuz MS</a> (2016–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Soyuz_MS-01" title="Soyuz MS-01">Soyuz MS-01</a></li>

<li><a href="Soyuz_MS-14" title="Soyuz MS-14">MS-14</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li>

<li><a href="Soyuz_MS-22" title="Soyuz MS-22">MS-22</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(uncrewed landing)</span></li>

<li><a href="Soyuz_MS-23" title="Soyuz MS-23">MS-23</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(uncrewed launch)</span></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>2025

<li>2026

<li>2027

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Uncrewed missions are designated as <i>Kosmos</i> instead of <i>Soyuz</i>; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".<br>The † sign designates failed missions. <i>Italics</i> designates cancelled missions.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apollo_program491" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Apollo_program491" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Apollo_missions" title="List of Apollo missions">List of missions</a>

<ul><li><a href="Canceled_Apollo_missions" title="Canceled Apollo missions">canceled missions</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">List of Apollo astronauts</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch complexes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_34" title="Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 34">Launch Complex 34</a></li>

<li><a href="Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_37" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 37">Launch Complex 37</a></li>

<li><a href="Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="15" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ground facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center#Gemini_and_Apollo_(1965-1975)" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Cape Kennedy Air Force Station</a></li>

<li><a href="Crawler-transporter" title="Crawler-transporter">Crawler-transporter</a></li>

<li><a href="Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Manned_Space_Flight_Network" title="Manned Space Flight Network">Manned Space Flight Network</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Little_Joe_II" title="Little Joe II">Little Joe II</a></li>

<li><a href="Saturn_(rocket_family)" title="Saturn (rocket family)">Saturn</a>

<ul><li><a href="Saturn_I" title="Saturn I">Saturn I</a></li>

<li><a href="Saturn_IB" title="Saturn IB">Saturn IB</a></li>

<li><a href="Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spacecraft and rover</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apollo_(spacecraft)" title="Apollo (spacecraft)">Apollo spacecraft</a>

<ul><li><a href="Apollo_command_and_service_module" title="Apollo command and service module">Command and Service Module</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Lunar Module</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uncrewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Apollo_4" title="Apollo 4">Apollo 4</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_5" title="Apollo 5">Apollo 5</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_6" title="Apollo 6">Apollo 6</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apollo_1" title="Apollo 1">Apollo 1</a><sup>†</sup></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_7" title="Apollo 7">Apollo 7</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_9" title="Apollo 9">Apollo 9</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">Apollo 10</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">Apollo 12</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a><sup>†</sup></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">Apollo 14</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">Apollo 16</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saturn<br>development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Saturn_I_SA-1" title="Saturn I SA-1">Saturn-Apollo 1</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_4" title="Apollo 4">Apollo 4</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_6" title="Apollo 6">Apollo 6</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Apollo_abort_modes" title="Apollo abort modes">Abort tests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Pad_Abort_Test_1" title="Pad Abort Test 1">Pad Abort Test-1</a></li>

<li><a href="Pad_Abort_Test_2" title="Pad Abort Test 2">Pad Abort Test-2</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Pegasus_(satellite)" title="Pegasus (satellite)">Pegasus</a> flights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 8 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Genesis reading</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 11 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Command_module_Columbia" title="Command module Columbia">Command Module <i>Columbia</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Lunar_Module_Eagle" title="Lunar Module Eagle">Lunar Module <i>Eagle</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Tranquility_Base" title="Tranquility Base">Tranquility Base</a></li>

<li><a href="Double_(lunar_crater)" title="Double (lunar crater)">Double crater</a></li>

<li><a href="Little_West_(lunar_crater)" title="Little West (lunar crater)">Little West crater</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_11_goodwill_messages" title="Apollo 11 goodwill messages">Goodwill messages</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_11_lunar_sample_display" title="Apollo 11 lunar sample display">Lunar sample displays</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_11_missing_tapes" title="Apollo 11 missing tapes">Missing tapes</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_11_anniversaries" title="Apollo 11 anniversaries">Anniversaries</a>

<ul><li><a href="Apollo_11_50th_Anniversary_commemorative_coins" title="Apollo 11 50th Anniversary commemorative coins">50th Anniversary commemorative coins</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_11_in_popular_culture" title="Apollo 11 in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 12 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mare_Cognitum#Statio_Cognitum" title="Mare Cognitum">Statio Cognitum</a>

<ul><li><a href="Surveyor_3" title="Surveyor 3">Surveyor 3</a></li>

<li><a href="Surveyor_(crater)" title="Surveyor (crater)">Surveyor crater</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Bench_Crater_meteorite" title="Bench Crater meteorite">Bench Crater meteorite</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Moon_Museum" title="Moon Museum">Moon Museum</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Reports_of_Streptococcus_mitis_on_the_Moon" title="Reports of Streptococcus mitis on the Moon">Reports of <i>Streptococcus mitis</i> on the Moon</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 13 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Houston%2C_we_have_a_problem" title="Houston, we have a problem">"Houston, we've had a problem"</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 14 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Modular_Equipment_Transporter" title="Modular Equipment Transporter">Modular Equipment Transporter</a></li>

<li><a href="Fra_Mauro_formation" title="Fra Mauro formation">Fra Mauro formation</a></li>

<li><a href="Big_Bertha_(lunar_sample)" title="Big Bertha (lunar sample)">Big Bertha</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 15 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Journey_of_Apollo_15_to_the_Moon" title="Journey of Apollo 15 to the Moon">Journey</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_15_operations_on_the_Lunar_surface" title="Apollo 15 operations on the Lunar surface">Lunar operations</a></li>

<li><a href="Solo_operations_of_Apollo_15" title="Solo operations of Apollo 15">Solo operations</a></li>

<li><a href="Return_of_Apollo_15_to_Earth" title="Return of Apollo 15 to Earth">Return to Earth</a></li>

<li><a href="Hadley%E2%80%93Apennine" title="Hadley–Apennine">Hadley–Apennine</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Genesis_Rock" title="Genesis Rock">Genesis Rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Great_Scott_(lunar_sample)" title="Great Scott (lunar sample)">Great Scott</a></li>

<li><a href="Hadley_Rille_meteorite" title="Hadley Rille meteorite">Hadley Rille meteorite</a></li>

<li><a href="Seatbelt_basalt" title="Seatbelt basalt">Seatbelt basalt</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Postal covers incident</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 16 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Big_Muley" title="Big Muley">Big Muley</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 17 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="The_Blue_Marble" title="The Blue Marble">The Blue Marble</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Taurus%E2%80%93Littrow" title="Taurus–Littrow">Taurus–Littrow</a></li>

<li><a href="Tracy's_Rock" title="Tracy's Rock">Tracy's Rock</a></li>

<li><a href="Nansen-Apollo_(crater)" title="Nansen-Apollo (crater)">Nansen-Apollo crater</a></li>

<li><a href="Shorty_(crater)" title="Shorty (crater)">Shorty crater</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_17_lunar_sample_display" title="Apollo 17 lunar sample display">Lunar sample display</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lunar_basalt_70017" title="Lunar basalt 70017">Lunar basalt 70017</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Troctolite_76535" title="Troctolite 76535">Troctolite 76535</a></li>

<li><a href="ALSE" title="ALSE">Apollo Lunar Sounder Experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Fe%2C_Fi%2C_Fo%2C_Fum%2C_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Apollo_Applications_Program" title="Apollo Applications Program">Post-Apollo</a><br>capsule use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a>

<li><a href="Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lunar_orbit_rendezvous" title="Lunar orbit rendezvous">Lunar orbit rendezvous</a></li>

<li><a href="Stolen_and_missing_Moon_rocks" title="Stolen and missing Moon rocks">Stolen and missing Moon rocks</a></li>

<li><a href="Third-party_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings" title="Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings">Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates failure or partial failure</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apollo_program_hardware308" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Apollo_program_hardware308" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program hardware</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Little_Joe_II" title="Little Joe II">Little Joe II</a></li>

<li><a href="Saturn_I" title="Saturn I">Saturn I</a></li>

<li><a href="Saturn_IB" title="Saturn IB">Saturn IB</a></li>

<li><a href="Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch vehicle<br>components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Rocketdyne_F-1" title="Rocketdyne F-1">F-1 engine</a></li>

<li><a href="Rocketdyne_J-2" title="Rocketdyne J-2">J-2 engine</a></li>

<li><a href="Saturn_V_instrument_unit" title="Saturn V instrument unit">Instrument unit</a></li>

<li><a href="Launch_Vehicle_Digital_Computer" title="Launch Vehicle Digital Computer">Launch Vehicle Digital Computer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spacecraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apollo_(spacecraft)" title="Apollo (spacecraft)">Apollo </a>

<ul><li><a href="Apollo_command_module" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo command module">Apollo command module</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Command_module_Columbia" title="Command module Columbia">Columbia</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_service_module" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo service module">Apollo service module</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Lunar_Module_Eagle" title="Lunar Module Eagle">Eagle</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spacecraft<br>components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apollo_Abort_Guidance_System" title="Apollo Abort Guidance System">Apollo Abort Guidance System</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_Docking_Mechanism" title="Apollo Docking Mechanism">Apollo Docking Mechanism</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_Guidance_Computer" title="Apollo Guidance Computer">Apollo Guidance Computer</a></li>

<li><a href="ALSE" title="ALSE">Lunar Sounder Experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_PGNCS" title="Apollo PGNCS">Primary guidance, navigation, and control system</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_Telescope_Mount" title="Apollo Telescope Mount">Apollo Telescope Mount</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_TV_camera" title="Apollo TV camera">Apollo TV camera</a></li>

<li><a href="Descent_propulsion_system" title="Descent propulsion system">Descent propulsion system</a></li>

<li><a href="Ascent_propulsion_system" title="Ascent propulsion system">Ascent propulsion system</a></li>

<li><a href="Scimitar_antenna" title="Scimitar antenna">Scimitar antenna</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space suits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apollo/Skylab_spacesuit" title="Apollo/Skylab spacesuit">Apollo/Skylab A7L</a>

<ul><li><a href="Beta_cloth" title="Beta cloth">Beta cloth</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermal_Micrometeoroid_Garment" title="Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment">Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lunar surface<br>equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Primary_life_support_system" title="Primary life support system">Portable Life Support System</a></li>

<li><a href="Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a></li>

<li><a href="Lunar_Laser_Ranging_experiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Laser Ranging experiment">Lunar Laser Ranging experiment</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_retroreflectors_on_the_Moon" title="List of retroreflectors on the Moon">list of retroreflectors</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Wind_Composition_Experiment" title="Solar Wind Composition Experiment">Solar Wind Composition Experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_Lunar_Surface_Experiments_Package" title="Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package">Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package</a>

<ul><li><a href="Active_Seismic_Experiment" title="Active Seismic Experiment">Active Seismic Experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_12_Passive_Seismic_Experiment" title="Apollo 12 Passive Seismic Experiment">Apollo 12 Passive Seismic Experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_14_Passive_Seismic_Experiment" title="Apollo 14 Passive Seismic Experiment">Apollo 14 Passive Seismic Experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Charged_Particle_Lunar_Environment_Experiment" title="Charged Particle Lunar Environment Experiment">Charged Particle Lunar Environment Experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Lunar_Ejecta_and_Meteorites_(experiment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites (experiment)">Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites Experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Wind_Spectrometer" title="Solar Wind Spectrometer">Solar Wind Spectrometer Experiment</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Modular_Equipment_Transporter" title="Modular Equipment Transporter">Modular Equipment Transporter</a></li>

<li><a href="Lunar_Seismic_Profiling_Experiment" title="Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment">Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Lunar_Surface_Gravimeter" title="Lunar Surface Gravimeter">Lunar Surface Gravimeter</a></li>

<li><a href="Lunar_Surface_Magnetometer" title="Lunar Surface Magnetometer">Lunar Surface Magnetometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Lunar_Traverse_Gravimeter" title="Lunar Traverse Gravimeter">Lunar Traverse Gravimeter</a></li>

<li><a href="Cold_Cathode_Gauge_Experiment" title="Cold Cathode Gauge Experiment">Cold Cathode Gauge Experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Heat_Flow_Experiment" title="Heat Flow Experiment">Heat Flow Experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Suprathermal_Ion_Detector_Experiment" title="Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment">Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ground support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mobile_launcher_platform#Saturn_V_and_Space_Shuttle" title="Mobile launcher platform">Mobile Launcher</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_launch_umbilical_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo launch umbilical tower">Launch Umbilical Tower</a></li>

<li><a href="Crawler-transporter" title="Crawler-transporter">Crawler-transporter</a></li>

<li><a href="Lunar_Landing_Research_Vehicle" title="Lunar Landing Research Vehicle">Lunar Landing Research Vehicle</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_quarantine_facility" title="Mobile quarantine facility">Mobile quarantine facility</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lunar_plaque" title="Lunar plaque">Lunar plaque</a></li>

<li><a href="Lunar_Flag_Assembly" title="Lunar Flag Assembly">Lunar Flag Assembly</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Apollo_11_goodwill_messages" title="Apollo 11 goodwill messages">Apollo 11 goodwill messages</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lunar_escape_systems" title="Lunar escape systems">Lunar escape systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Rendezvous_Docking_Simulator" title="Rendezvous Docking Simulator">Rendezvous Docking Simulator</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Moon_Museum" title="Moon Museum">Moon Museum</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category:Apollo program hardware</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="China_Manned_Space_Program356" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="China_Manned_Space_Program356" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="China_Manned_Space_Program" title="China Manned Space Program">China Manned Space Program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="China_Manned_Space_Agency" title="China Manned Space Agency">China Manned Space Agency</a></li>

<li><a href="Beijing_Aerospace_Flight_Control_Center" title="Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center">Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center</a></li>

<li><a href="People's_Liberation_Army_Astronaut_Corps" title="People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps">People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Chinese_astronauts" title="List of Chinese astronauts">Taikonauts</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shenzhou missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uncrewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Shenzhou_1" title="Shenzhou 1">Shenzhou 1</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Shenzhou_5" title="Shenzhou 5">Shenzhou 5</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tianzhou missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tianzhou_1" title="Tianzhou 1">Tianzhou 1</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tiangong_program" title="Tiangong program">Tiangong program</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tiangong-1" title="Tiangong-1">Tiangong-1</a></li>

<li><u><a href="Tiangong_space_station" title="Tiangong space station">Tiangong space station</a></u></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Shenzhou_(spacecraft)" title="Shenzhou (spacecraft)">Shenzhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Tianzhou_(spacecraft)" title="Tianzhou (spacecraft)">Tianzhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March</a>

<li><a href="Feitian_space_suit" title="Feitian space suit">Feitian space suit</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Beijing_Aerospace_Flight_Control_Center" title="Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center">Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Wenchang_Space_Launch_Site" title="Wenchang Space Launch Site">Wenchang Space Launch Site</a></li>

<li><a href="Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center" title="Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center">Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Siziwang_Banner" class="mw-redirect" title="Siziwang Banner">Siziwang Banner</a> (landing site)</li></ul>

<li><a href="Chinese_space_program#Project_921_(China_Manned_Space_Program)" title="Chinese space program">Project 921</a></li>

<li><a href="Shuguang_(spacecraft)" title="Shuguang (spacecraft)">Shuguang</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_women_in_space" title="Chinese women in space">Chinese women in space</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection#1970" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">Shuguang Group 1970 list</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection#1996" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">China Group 1996</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection#1998" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">Chinese Group 1</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection#2010" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">Group 2</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection#2020" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">Group 3</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Yuan_Wang-class_tracking_ship" title="Yuan Wang-class tracking ship">Yuan Wang tracking ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Mengzhou_(spacecraft)" title="Mengzhou (spacecraft)">Mengzhou</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><u>Underline</u> indicates current missions</li>

<li><i>Italics</i> indicates future missions</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Constellation_program433" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Constellation_program433" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Constellation_missions" title="List of Constellation missions">List of missions</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Test flights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Shuttle-Derived_Heavy_Lift_Launch_Vehicle" title="Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle">Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle</a></li>

<li><a href="DIRECT_%26_Jupiter_Rocket_Family" title="DIRECT & Jupiter Rocket Family">Jupiter</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spacecraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Crew_Exploration_Vehicle" title="Crew Exploration Vehicle">Crew Exploration Vehicle</a>

<ul><li><a href="Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Altair_(spacecraft)" title="Altair (spacecraft)">Altair</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ground facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control Center</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Abort systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Orion_abort_modes" title="Orion abort modes">Orion abort modes</a></li>

<li><a href="Launch_escape_system" title="Launch escape system">Launch Abort System (LAS)</a></li>

<li><a href="Max_Launch_Abort_System" title="Max Launch Abort System">Max Launch Abort System (MLAS)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a></li>

<li><a href="Exploration_Systems_Architecture_Study" title="Exploration Systems Architecture Study">Exploration Systems Architecture Study</a></li>

<li><a href="DIRECT" class="mw-redirect" title="DIRECT">DIRECT</a></li>

<li><a href="Constellation_Space_Suit" title="Constellation Space Suit">Constellation Space Suit</a></li>

<li><a href="NASA_Authorization_Act_of_2005" title="NASA Authorization Act of 2005">NASA Authorization Act of 2005</a></li>

<li><a href="Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Augustine Commission</a></li>

<li><a href="Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis program</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Constellation_program" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Constellation program"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-07" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Service_module&oldid=1304635322">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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